Living Spirit Ministries International

Catholicism and Christianity

I will attempt to show that Catholicism is an errant form of Christianity in that it does not adhere to Biblical teaching.  I am not implying that Catholics are not Christians.  For the most part, the Catholic laity love Christ and are of the body.  The inculpation lies at the feet of the Catholic priests, bishops, and Pope.  These know what the Bible teaches, yet preach and teach what is not in the Bible.  They have added to the Bible doctrines of men.  These men will be judged most severely.

Is Roman Catholicism a faith based on the Bible? Was the Reformation a mistake that split Christendom or an act of God to rescue true Christianity from a false church?  Is the Protestant movement the only movement based in Christ?

Again, in asking these questions I do not wish to stir up hostility to Roman Catholics, and I again I add that I do not doubt that many of the Catholic laity are sincere in their faith, as are many of some of my friends who are, what I would call, moderate Catholics.  However, sincerity is not a guarantee of truth, and it needs to be recognized that there are very significant errors in Roman Catholic teaching when viewed in the light of the Bible. Down through the centuries Christians who sought to bring these errors to light have often been persecuted and even put to death by the Roman Catholic Church.

The major false doctrines of Roman Catholicism are (and I will revisit these doctrines throughout this paper):

Justification by Works

Article 135 of the Catholic Catechism says, ‘Faith alone will not save us without good works.’ The Bible teaches we are saved by faith in the work of Jesus Christ dying as a sacrifice for our sins. Good works are the result of our faith, but they do not save us: ‘For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not of works, lest anyone should boast. For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.’ (Ephesians 2.8-10.)

Baptismal regeneration

Article 256 of the Catechism says, ‘Baptism is a Sacrament which cleanses us from original sin, makes us Christians, children of God and members of the Church’ (i.e. a baby becomes a Christian through being baptized). Article 259 says this sacrament is given by pouring water on the head of a child. (NB the Greek word ‘baptizo’ means to immerse in water not to sprinkle with water). It does not take long for parents of babies who have had water poured on them in this way to discover that they are not cleansed from original sin!

The Bible teaches that we must be 'born again' (John 3.5-8) through repentance and faith in what Jesus Christ has done for us, after which we are baptized (but baptism, though appropriate, does not save.  There are some Christians who believe that a Christian must be baptized to be saved.  This is a wrong view.  Please think about the criminal on the cross whom Christ stated that he would be in Paradise with Him.  This man was not baptized by sprinkling or by immersion.  But he was “saved”.  His belief in Christ, his faith, saved him.  Baptism does not save.  Faith in Christ is the saving element.  Baptism is an outward expression of this inner faith reality.). On the Day of Pentecost Peter explained the meaning of Jesus’ death and resurrection. His hearers responded by asking him, ‘What shall we do?’ Then Peter said to them, ‘Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit’ (Acts 2.38). A baby cannot possibly make such a decision.

Use of images

Article 186 of the Catechism says, ‘We should give relics, crucifixes, and holy pictures a relative honor, as they relate to Christ and his Saints, and are memorials of them.’ Catholic churches are full of idols, especially of Mary, which become objects of worship. The 10 commandments forbid idolatry and remain valid for Christians. ‘You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God’ (Exodus 20.4-5).

It can be said that some Christians worship and idolize the Bible.  There are some who do idolize and worship the Bible, which is just as wrong as idolizing an image.  Protestants should be aware that the Bible, though it is the word of God and should be held in high esteem, is not God.  I have seen some Christians kiss the Bible as if they think they are kissing God.  And I have seen some Christians that bind their Bibles in expensive leather, yet hardly ever read what is in the Bible and do not practice in their daily lives what the Word suggests.  Is this not wrong?  Catholics are wrong in viewing idols as objects of worship; however, Protestants are just as wrong when they place the Bible above what it is…words to bring one closer to God.  The words of God are not God.  They must be assimilated by the hearts of men which will then lead one to Him. 

Papal infallibility

The Catechism says: ‘When I say that the Pope is infallible, I mean that the Pope cannot err when, as Shepherd and Teacher of all Christians, he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals, to be held by the whole church’ (Article 93). The Catechism goes on to say that ‘the Church cannot err in what she teaches as to faith or morals, for she is our infallible guide in both’ (Article 100). The Bible tells us that only God is infallible and that all human individuals and institutions are tainted by sin and liable to error. ‘For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God’ (Romans 3.23).  

Having said this, attempt to go to a bishop or pastor of a Protestant church and tell him that what he has just stated in a sermon or a letter is wrong or might be in error, or what the church he presides over is not adhering to pure Biblical teaching.  What would be the response?  I know what the response is, because it has happened to me.  First, they attempt to lord it over you, that you cannot possibly know what he knows.  Then tell him that you have a ThD. Degree and state that it is possible that you may know more then does he.  What will happen then?  The protestant minister will indicate that you are not a member of his church.  Counter with the argument that “his” church is not his but Christ’s.  And I am a member of the body of Christ.  No response. 

There are supercilious ministers and leaders in many church organizations, Catholic as well as Protestant.  They seem to teach what is expedient.  This should not be; but this man who has lived under the sun for over 50 years has found this to be true.  There is a hierarchy of inaninity in some Christian organizations.  One is one too many.

The hierarchy of priests going up to the Pope as ‘Vicar of Christ’ on earth entirely conflicts with the concept Jesus taught the disciples about spiritual authority. Jesus told us not to call any man ‘Father’ (Papa / Pope). ‘But you, do not be called Rabbi; for one is your Teacher, the Christ, and you are all brethren. Do not call anyone on earth your father; for one is your Father, He who is in heaven. And do not be called teachers; for one is your Teacher, the Christ. But he who is greatest among you shall be your servant’ (Matthew 23.8-11).

This is what the Bible teaches, true; however, how many church leaders actually put this servant teaching into practice?  Think about this.  There are not that many.  There are few churches that do not have a hierarchical form of leadership.  I have seen in my years under the sun that those who taut the Bible as the word of God seem to pick and choose what should and should not be practiced.  They emphasize some aspects and completely ignore those aspects that do not fit in to what they wish to do as leaders of a church. It is true that we all sin and fall short.

Of the numerous doctrines Roman Catholics must believe under pain of grievous sin, there are two upon which the Catholic Faith is dependent for its continued existence.  To the question, “Which is the one true Church founded by Jesus Christ?” the answer is, the Catholic Church is the one true Church founded by Christ.” To the second question, “And upon what did Jesus found His Church?” the correct answer, according to Catholics is, “Jesus founded His Church on the rock of Peter who was the first pope.”

 

Since the first claim - the true Church claim - rests squarely on the allegation that Peter was ordained to be its first pope, it is appropriate to seek in the Scriptures proof that Jesus really did give Peter such an assignment. There, in the inerrant Word of God, we have every right to expect to find Peter’s appointment clearly set forth, established as a fact beyond a shadow of a doubt. What we do find, though, is what follows in the following paragraphs.

 

The English word, “pope,” comes from the Latin word, “papa,” which means “father.” But our Lord told His disciples, (and us through them), “…call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven. (Matthew 23:9) This had to be meant in a spiritual sense since we all have earthly fathers, while our heavenly Father is a spirit to be worshiped in spirit and truth. (John 4:24) And based on this admonition from Jesus, there should not be a Catholic priesthood, much less a papacy, for all Catholic priests are addressed as, “Father.”

 

On another occasion, when His Apostles were disputing about leadership matters, Our Lord called them together for a disclosure of His organizational plan. He said, Ye know that the princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them, and they that are great exercise authority upon them. But it shall NOT BE SO AMONG YOU: but whosoever will be great among you, let him be your minister; And whosoever will be chief among you, let him be your servant.” (Matthew 20:25-27)

From this it is clear Jesus was strongly opposed to any “prince” or “princes” exercising dominion over His flock.

 

Historically, it was not until the 3rd century, nearly 200 years after our Lord’s return to His heavenly throne, that a bishop of Rome – one of hundreds of independent bishops existing at that time – cited Matthew 16:18 as evidence Peter had been appointed bishop of Rome and head of the Church. This was a brazen grab for power by Calixtus 1 whose interpretation of Matthew 16:18 contradicted that of the leading theologians of his day. That grab for power died an ignominious death when Tertullian, bishop of Carthage, and others, called Calixtus 1 a “usurper.” From our vantage point 2000 years later, it is unimpeachable proof that Rome lies when it claims the office of the papacy has been in existence from the time of Peter.  Remember the episode at Caesarea Philippi. There, Jesus asked His Apostles, “Who do YE say that I am?” It was Peter who responded for the twelve with this statement of FACT: “Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Then said our Lord, “Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven. And I say also unto thee, that thou art PETER, and upon this ROCK I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.” (Matthew 16:17, 18) In English, Latin, Aramaic, and other languages the words Peter and rock are entirely different. Unfortunately for Roman Catholics whose beliefs rest heavily on the papacy, Greek is a far more precise language.

 

In Greek, Peter is petros, masculine gender, defined as a small rock, one that can be picked up and skipped across the surface of a pond. It is a derivative of the root word,

petra, feminine gender, defined as massive foundation rock. If we insert Greek definitions for petros and petra, what our Lord said in Matthew 16:18 reads like this: “Thou art Little Rock, and upon this Massive Foundation Rock I will build my Church.”

 

To the most respected theologians of the early Church, the Massive Foundation Rock of Matthew 16:18 was not Peter, but Peter’s statement of FACT – “Thou art the Christ, (Jewish Messiah) the Son of the living God.” That Jesus was and is the Messiah promised in Genesis, that He was and is the Son of God incarnate, are, in fact, the very foundation of Christianity. That is exactly what was taught in opposition to Calixtus 1 by Cyril, Hilary, Tertullian, Jerome, Basil, Ambrose, Augustine, Leo the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, and the honored Greek scholar, Chrysostom.

 

Unfortunately, what the most famous early believers taught is not always considered by the Vatican to be the “Sacred Tradition” on which doctrines are based. For example, the great Augustine, besides opposing Peter as the Church’s foundation rock, staunchly opposed the doctrine of Mary’s Immaculate Conception which budded in the 5th century. The equally influential Aquinas did the same 800 years later. Hence, as in the Immaculate Conception matter, the Vatican totally disregarded the early theologians’ teachings about Matthew 16:18, even though Christ – as recorded in John’s Gospel – had given Peter the same name of small rock or stone in Aramaic long before the events at Caesarea Philippi. when Jesus beheld him, (Peter) he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is by interpretation, A stone.” (John 1:42) That Matthew 16:18 can in no way be interpreted as an appointment of Peter to be the first pope is even more evident when other Scriptures from both the Old and New Testament are considered.

 

Beginning in Exodus, the Old Testament is full of references to Jesus, the coming Messiah, as the foundation rock of saving faith. He it is who is symbolized by the rocks out of which came fresh water in Exodus 17:6 and Numbers 20:10. Moses, in Deuteronomy 32:4, wrote, “He (Jesus) is the ROCK.” Rebuking the Nation of Israel in 32:18, he said, “Of the ROCK that begat thee thou art unmindful.” And in 32:31, he said, “…their (the enemy’s) rock is not as our ROCK.” In her prayer for a man child recorded in 1 Samuel 2:2, Hannah says, “…neither is there any ROCK like our God.” And David, just escaped from Saul, in 2 Samuel 22:2 gives credit for his safety this way: “The LORD is my ROCK, and my fortress, and my deliverer.”

 

Clear references to our Lord as the ROCK spoken of throughout the Scriptures, also are found in Psalms 18, 28, 31, 40, 42, 61, 62, 71, 78, 89, 92, 94, and 95. See also Isaiah 8:14, 17:10, and 51:1. In Hebrew, the word for rock is cela, and its definition is “crag, cliff, rock,” definitely not the kind of rock or stone one launches at a squirrel on the bird feeder.

 

In the New Testament, our Lord’s parable of the wise and foolish builders, recorded in Matthew 7 and Luke 6, leaves no doubt that Jesus, not Peter, is the foundation rock on which those who are wise establish their faith. Paul recognized Christ was the nation of Israel’s rock and the foundation of Christianity as well. “….(they, the Jews) did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual ROCK that followed them: and that ROCK was Christ.” (1 Cor. 10:4) Earlier, in 1 Corinthians 3:11, Paul made absolutely certain there would be no mistaking upon whom Christ’s Church was being built. “For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ.”

 

The foregoing cited Scriptures not only don’t support Rome’s claim that Peter was ordained a pope, the first in the Vatican’s alleged unbroken chain of popes, they actually contradict the claim, and they contradict it emphatically. Moreover, one comes up “empty” again when trying to find passages that show Peter and the other Apostles, Paul included, were clearly aware of Peter’s election to leadership by Jesus. Nor is it obvious from God’s Word that Peter spent enough time in Rome to have functioned as that city’s first bishop.

 

In his own first epistle, Peter acknowledges a title far different from bishop or pope. Says he, “The elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an ELDER.” (1 Peter 5:1)  Then he says: “Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind; Neither as BEING LORDS over God's heritage, but being ensamples to the flock.” From these words in particular, and from the general tenor of both his letters, one concludes that Peter had no idea he had been ordained the first pope of a Church that did not come into existence until the 5th century.

 

In the account of the Church’s first general council reported in Acts 15, it is James, the brother of Jesus, and not Peter, who provides the solution to the problem under discussion. (Cf. Acts 15:13-23.) Even before that council, Peter was not acting like the supreme leader of the flock. Rather than directing the actions of others, he was being directed, as the following attests. “Now when the apostles which were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, THEY SENT unto them Peter and John.” (Acts 8:14) It was the same John, who, along with his brother James, had sought

from Jesus the promise of sitting one on His right hand, and one on His left in the coming kingdom. This, long after Matthew 16:18 had taken place, and a clear indication that the Apostles had no idea Peter had been ordained their leader.

 

There is additional biblical evidence refuting the Vatican’s alleged Petrine papacy to be found in Paul’s letter to the Roman Churches. At the end of that letter, he salutes 27 named individuals, none of whom is Peter. Why is that if Peter was bishop of Rome? Also, in Acts 23, Paul not knowing it was the High Priest he was addressing, called him a “whited wall.” (Acts 23:3) When informed that his epithet had been directed at the High Priest, Paul was instantly repentant. Said he, “I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people.” But in his

letter to the Galatian churches Paul is openly critical of Peter, saying, “when Peter was come to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was to be blamed.(Acts 2:11) What Paul said directly to Peter in front of many witnesses was this: “…If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?” (Acts 2:14) If Peter had been ordained bishop of Rome and head of the Church, Paul certainly would have been aware of the fact and would not have been openly critical of him in front of others.

 

Finally, still consulting the Scriptures, we learn that Paul, not Peter, received the Gospel directly from the lips of Jesus. “But I certify you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached of me is not after man. For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ.” (Gal 1:11,12) And in 2 Peter 3:16, we get the impression that at least some of what Christ had given to Paul was not known to Peter, for he says that in Paul’s letters “are some things hard to be understood.” Inevitably comes this question, if Jesus made Peter head of the Church, why was Paul the one chosen to receive the Gospel directly from our Lord?

 

The binding and loosing authority the Vatican claims exclusively for its popes was given to all of the Apostles, not just Peter; (Matthew 18:18) and, in fact to all believers when Jesus said, Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven; For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.” (Matthew 18: 19,20)

 

When all of the Scriptures concerning Peter’s alleged ordination as pope are reviewed it becomes manifestly clear that he was only one of twelve chosen men, who will sit on twelve thrones in the millennium, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. (Matthew 19:28; Luke 22:30). A bishop of Rome he was not. A pope he was not.  The Catholic Church is, sorry to say, seems to be perpetuating a lie.

I will now include a short history lesson to buttress what I have written above……

The great Augustine, joined by Cyril, Hilary, Basil, Ambrose, Jerome, Chrysostom, Gregory of Nyssa, and delegates to the Council of Chalcedon, declared the rock upon which Christ would build His Church was Christ himself, not the Apostle Peter. That is hard, cold, unyielding history. In his 13th sermon, preserved I believe by divine intent, Augustine made his belief perfectly clear:

“Thou art Peter, and on this Rock – petra – which thou hast confessed,

on this rock which thou hast known, saying: ‘Thou art Christ, the Son

of the living God,’ I will build my church upon Myself, who am the Son

of the living God; I will build it on Me, and not Me on thee.”

Roman Catholic apologists have called this writer some unflattering names for stating that there was no pope and no papacy for more than 500 years after Christ returned to heaven. But history is history, and all the name calling in the world will not alter the fact that Augustine spoke the previously quoted words during his years in Africa as bishop of Hippo – get this, now – in the first third of the FIFTH CENTURY. Moreover, Augustine’s conviction – based on a correct interpretation of the Scriptures - that Jesus was the foundation rock of Christianity was shared almost by a vast majority of the churches existing at that time.

Following the abortive attempt of Calixtus I to seize control of Christendom, Stephen I, bishop of Rome AD 253-257, took a shot at it citing as his authority some newly discovered documents now known as the pseudo-Clementine Letters and Homilies. This spurious collection contained a forged letter allegedly written by Peter to James the Lord’s brother in which he appoints Clement to be his successor as bishop of Rome, with binding and loosing authority. Since Linus and Cletus, according to church historian Eusebius, were, in that order, the first two known bishops of Rome, the authenticity of the purported Petrine letter was at once an issue, and Stephen’s effort failed as miserably as that of Calixtus I.

 So, even when Constantine the Great convoked the famous Council of Nicaea early in the FOURTH CENTURY there was no pope and no papacy. Constantine, who is not listed as a pope in Rome’s papal lineage, himself assumed the leadership of the churches and took the title Pontifex Maximus – highest priest.  Inasmuch as the Pontifex Maximus title is one of the many applied to Roman Catholic popes, Sylvester, bishop of Rome at the time, should have had that title if he was the reigning pope. He was not the pope or a pope, and he was not even in attendance at the AD 325 Council of Nicaea.

In that fourth century, five episcopates emerged as jurisdictional centers to which individual independent churches could look for counsel in ecclesiastical matters. These five were Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople, and Rome. In AD 387, just before the Roman Empire split into separate East and West divisions, Siricius, another bishop of Rome, once again tried to usurp the power of Christendom, and with the same result as Calixtus and Stephen. Nobody paid any attention.

More history, easily checked by those seeking truth and not vindication of false teachings: at the FIFTH CENTURY Council of Carthage, (AD 412) convoked by that city’s bishop Aurelius, the assembled prelates drafted a letter to the bishop of Rome warning him not to accept for ruling appeals from African bishops, deacons or other clerics. Besides that, he was forbidden to send any further emissaries or legates to the African churches. In another council of African churches, that one at Melvie, Augustine was the secretary. History shows he fully supported the synod’s decree of ex-communication leveled at any in the African churches who would seek settlement of appeals or disputes outside of Africa or from the Roman See.

The actual hijacking of Christendom by the bishops of Rome, then, did not take place in the first 500 years after Christ. In truth, it hasn’t really taken place, because the eastern branch of Christendom has never accepted Rome’s self-assumed primacy. For the beginning of the successful takeover of the western branch of Christianity – the Latin churches - we must move to the very middle of the FIFTH CENTURY, to the episcopate of Leo 1 (Leo the Great), bishop of Rome AD 440-461. He assumed the title, “Primate of All Bishops,” and for validation of his theft obtained the endorsement of Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III.  Wonderful! A self-styled “Vicar of Christ” seeking – not the approval of God - but the approval of a secular entity to be the “Vicar of Christ.”

Leo intimidated a lot of people by his various claims, one of which was, “Lord of the Whole Church,” but when he declared that resisting his absolute authority would condemn a soul to the fires of hell, the delegates to the AD 451 Council of Chalcedon put their collective feet down. Leo was denied his endorsement, and at the end of the fifth century, there still was no pope and no papacy. What amazes about all this is how the Vatican has been able to obliterate the actual early Church history, successfully replacing it with the fairytales of “apostolic succession” and an “unbroken chain of popes” stretching all the way back to Peter.

The first bishop of Rome to wield the kind of power for which the papacy is now known, was Gregory 1 (Gregory the Great) whose 14-year episcopate began in the very last decade of the SIXTH CENTURY – AD 590-604. But this man was adamantly opposed to the very papal office that the Vatican insists he occupied as the 64th successor to the Apostle Peter. In a letter to Maurice, the Emperor, Gregory had this to say:

“I confidently affirm that who so calls himself, or desires to be called Universal Priest, (Pontifex Maximus), in his pride goes before anti-Christ……St. Peter is not called Universal Apostle ….Far from CHRISTIAN (not Catholic) hearts be that blasphemous name.” 

To the bishop of Antioch, in another letter, Gregory wrote that the title of Universal (Catholic) Bishop was:

profane, superstitious, haughty, and invented by the first apostate."

No matter that Gregory I refused such a signal honor, and believed that anyone claiming to be universal bishop would in fact be Anti-Christ. A successor, Boniface III, AD 607-8, coerced the Emperor, Phocas, to confer upon him that very title of Universal Bishop, papa, or pope, of all Christendom. The eastern churches refused to submit to his self-assumed authority, however, so Boniface and all his successors have had to settle for a partial monarchy ruling only the western churches. Historically, then Rome’s claims of a papacy begun with Peter and stretching down the annals of time to the present are proven falsehoods.

And, even after Boniface III succeeded in gaining for bishops of Rome the coveted title of papa, there was stubborn resistance to their claimed authority lasting into the ninth century. Then, in the episcopate of Nicholas I (Nicholas the Great), bishop of Rome AD 858-867, documents known today as the pseudo-Isidorean Decretals appeared on the stage of history. Contained in this fortuitous discovery were letters allegedly written by “popes” prior to Nicaea (AD 325) and from Clement 1 to Miltiades. All are blatant forgeries! (They had to be, for there were no popes and no papacy in that time frame.)

Also included in the collection were letters of popes from Sylvester 1 (4th century) to Gregory II (8th century) in which are more than 40 falsifications. But the most pope-friendly inclusion was a document entitled, “The Donation of Constantine.” Thought to be authentic for 600 years, and used successfully by bishops of Rome as grounds for their claims to primacy, it actually contained the ultimate proof that popes and the papacy are NOT DIVINELY ORDAINED, but are simply another invention of mere mortals. 

On the one hand, Rome teaches that Christ ordained Peter as the head of His Church, the rock on which it was founded, and the first pope. But for 600 years – from the ninth to the fifteenth century, the Donation of Constantine was invoked as the historical event granting to bishops of Rome ecclesiastical authority over all of Christendom and its episcopates, and temporal power over Rome and the entire Western Roman Empire.

Allegedly donated by Constantine the Great to Sylvester 1, bishop of Rome AD 314-335, it was used by Nicholas I to dispel opposition to popes and the papacy, and history shows that, from the ninth century to the present, bishops of Rome have been unopposed as exclusive occupants of the office of pope. In AD 1054, Leo IX tried to use the Donation of Constantine to secure control of the eastern as well as the western churches. The patriarch of Constantinople suggested Leo should mind his own business, and the split of the eastern (Orthodox) churches from Rome became permanent thereafter.

The Donation of Constantine was shown to be a deliberate forgery in AD 1440 by Lorenzo Valla, but not before the Vatican had used it to permanently secure its position of primacy over the entire western church, and to exercise nearly absolute control over kings and nations for 500 years as well.  What is most interesting about this forged document and Rome’s use of it is the secular source from which Rome allegedly derived its ecclesiastical and temporal power - its papacy. Where in history do we find Constantine invested with the power and authority to appoint a monarch over the Church of the living God? Is not the use of the Donation of Constantine by numerous popes proof that popes and the papacy are frauds, not initiated by Christ, but founded on the forged documents of men greedy for power?

Celibacy and the Priesthood

The Roman Catholic Church forbids priests to marry, thus creating a distinction between the priesthood and the laity. The word priest is never used of special servants of the Lord in the New Testament, but is used to describe all who believe in Jesus. There is never any distinction in the New Testament between clergy and laity. Probably the doctrine of the Nicolaitanes, mentioned in Revelation 2.6, 2.15, as something which Jesus hates, relates to the rise of the clergy having a special status. Nicolaitanes is taken from two Greek words meaning ‘victory over the people (laos or laity)’.

The New Testament teaches the priesthood of all believers. ‘But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, his own special people’ (1 Peter 2.9). ‘And they sang a new song, saying: “You are worthy to take the scroll, and to open its seals; for you were slain, and have redeemed us to God by your blood out of every tribe and tongue and people and nation, and have made us kings and priests to our God; and we shall reign on the earth”’ (Revelation 5.9-10).

Peter, considered falsely to be the first Pope, had a wife as the following scriptures indicate. ‘But Simon's (Peter) wife's mother lay sick with a fever, and they told him about her at once. So he came and took her by the hand and lifted her up, and immediately the fever left her. And she served them’ (Mark 1.30). ‘Do we have no right to take along a believing wife, as do also the other apostles, the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas? (Aramaic form of Peter)’ (1 Corinthians 9.5).

Enforced celibacy is described as a ‘doctrine of demons.’ ‘Now the Spirit expressly says that in latter times some will depart from the faith, giving heed to deceiving spirits and doctrines of demons, speaking lies in hypocrisy, having their own conscience seared with a hot iron, forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from foods that God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth’ (1 Timothy 4.1-3).

Confessional

In Catholicism people are told to go to confession, where sins are confessed to a priest who then declares absolution for those sins. The Bible teaches that we confess our sins to God and receive forgiveness through the blood of Jesus. ‘This is the message which we have heard from Him and declare to you, that God is light and in Him is no darkness at all. If we say that we have fellowship with Him, and walk in darkness, we lie and do not practice the truth. But if we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanses us from all sin. If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. If we say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar, and His word is not in us. My little children, these things I write to you, so that you may not sin. And if anyone sins, we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous. And He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the whole world’ (1 John 1.5-2.2). 

Purgatory

Purgatory is neither heaven nor hell, but ‘a place where souls suffer for a time after death on account of their sins’ (Catechism, Article 106). But in the Bible the only places mentioned where we go after death are heaven and hell. Those who are saved in this life by trusting in Jesus to forgive their sins need no further suffering to refine them and prepare them for heaven--

‘Now I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away. Also there was no more sea. Then I, John, saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, “Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people. God Himself will be with them and be their God.” And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes; there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying. There shall be no more pain, for the former things have passed away.’ … ‘But the cowardly, unbelieving, abominable, murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars shall have their part in the lake which burns with fire and brimstone, which is the second death’ (Revelation 21.1-8).

Transubstantiation (I will go in depth concerning this on several occasions in this paper.)

According to this concept Jesus needs to be sacrificed continually through the Mass. The bread and the wine are changed literally into his body and blood. Article 267 of the Catechism says: ‘The bread and the wine are changed into the Body and Blood of Christ by the power of God, to whom nothing is impossible or difficult.’ Article 278 says: ‘The Holy Mass is one and the same Sacrifice with that of the Cross, inasmuch as Christ who offered himself, a bleeding victim on the Cross to his heavenly Father, continues to offer himself in an unbloody manner on the altar through the ministry of his priests.’

But the Bible teaches that Christ's sacrifice was complete and final and can never be repeated. Communion or the Lord's Supper is the remembrance of that sacrifice.

‘For Christ has not entered the holy places made with hands, which are copies of the true, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us; not that He should offer Himself often, as the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood of another. He then would have had to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now, once at the end of the ages, He has appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. And as it is appointed for men to die once, but after this the judgment, so Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many’(Hebrews 9.24-28).

‘For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you: that the Lord Jesus on the same night in which He was betrayed took bread; and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, “Take, eat; this is My body which is broken for you; do this in remembrance of Me.” In the same manner He also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.” For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death till He comes’(1 Corinthians 11.23-26).

Indulgences

In the Middle Ages priests went throughout Europe persuading people to give money to the Church claiming that as a result a person's time in purgatory could be reduced. But since there is no such place as purgatory, this became a trick to deceive people into parting with their money for the benefit of the church. There is no way that we can buy favor with God. ‘Knowing that you were not redeemed with corruptible things, like silver or gold, from your aimless conduct received by tradition from your fathers, but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot’ (1 Peter 1.18-19). 

     An indulgence, according to the Roman Catholic Church, is a means of remission of the temporal punishment for sins that have already been forgiven but are due to the Christian in this life and/or in purgatory.  This punishment is most often in purgatory but can also be suffered in this life.  An indulgence removes time needed to be spent in purgatory.  There are two kinds of indulgences:  partial and plenary.  A partial indulgence removes part of the punishment of sins.  A plenary indulgence removes all of the punishment of sins.   Granting an indulgence of a certain number of days or years means that is how many days or years is removed from the time of punishment a person must undergo in purgatory.
     On the inside of the cover of the New St. Joseph Baltimore Catechism published in 1969 there is a prayer. After the prayer it says the following: "An indulgence of five years. A plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, provided this prayer has been recited daily for a month." This means that by saying the prayer properly five years is removed from a person's time in purgatory!  Which is absurd.
     On the same page of the New St. Joseph Baltimore Catechism it says, "The faithful who devote 20 minutes to a half hour to teaching or studying Christian doctrine, may gain: an indulgence of three years. A plenary indulgence on the usual conditions twice a month, if the above practice is carried out at least twice a month."  Again, absurd.
     So, we can see that according to this catechism if you say the prayer properly you can have five years removed from your time in purgatory.  Likewise, if the faithful devote 20 minutes to a half hour to teaching or studying Christian doctrine, they can have three years removed from purgatory.  Is this biblical?  Not at all.  It is ridiculous to think that reading doctrine and saying a prayer removes time of punishment in the Catholic-invented place called purgatory.  It is nothing more than a means to control the Catholics and keep them dependent on "The Mother Church".

The Treasury of the Church

    The Treasury of the Church is a storehouse of merit that has been earned the sacrifice of Christ and the prayers and good works of  the Virgin Mary and all the saints.  This reservoir of merit is drawn upon and applied to Roman Catholics via the Roman Catholic Church so that their future duration of punishment might be reduced.  So, essentially what we have is a system where merit is dispensed through the Roman Catholic sacraments and priesthood. 

·         "We also call these spiritual goods of the communion of saints the Church's treasury, which is "not the sum total of the material goods which have accumulated during the course of the centuries. On the contrary the 'treasury of the Church' is the infinite value, which can never be exhausted, which Christ's merits have before God. They were offered so that the whole of mankind could be set free from sin and attain communion with the Father. In Christ, the Redeemer himself, the satisfactions and merits of his Redemption exist and find their efficacy." (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1476)

·         "This treasury includes as well the prayers and good works of the Blessed Virgin Mary. They are truly immense, unfathomable, and even pristine in their value before God. In the treasury, too, are the prayers and good works of all the saints, all those who have followed in the footsteps of Christ the Lord and by his grace have made their lives holy and carried out the mission in the unity of the Mystical Body." (CCC 1477)

     In short, this treasury of the church of Rome is a means by which it keeps its people dependent upon its sacramental, ecclesiastical system.  Without participation in Roman Catholic Sacraments, future punishment will be far more extensive.  The Roman Catholic Church keeps its people coming back to it, dependent upon it, needful for the dispensing of the treasury of merit that it has at its disposal.  Instead of the Roman Catholic being completely sanctified and justified in Christ, by the work of Christ on the cross, the very propitiation offered by the Lord in his sacrifice is usurped by the Roman Catholic Church.  The power and priesthood and mediation of Christ is replaced by that of the Roman Catholic Church, and it becomes the means by which the so-called people of God are relieved of their sin punishment.  This is a blasphemous claim of Rome that detracts from the power and glory and sufficiency of the cross.  All Roman Catholics should stop looking to the church as its means of salvation and/or as a means of deliverance from punishment.  Instead, the Roman Catholic should look to Christ alone through faith alone for the forgiveness of his/her sins.

The Problem with Indulgences

     The patent problem with indulgence is that it negates the all-sufficiency of the cross. It was Jesus who took our punishment.  He took our place so that we do not have to suffer any punishment for our sins so that we might be made right with God. I am not saying that sins do not have consequences and punishments.  What I mean to say is that being made right with God is not by our suffering, but by Christ's.

     The Second Vatican Council, p. 63, mentions purgatory as a place of punishment for our sins:  "The truth has been divinely revealed that sins are followed by punishments. God’s holiness and justice inflict them. Sins must be expiated. This may be done on this earth through the sorrows, miseries and trials of this life and, above all, through death. Otherwise the expiation must be made in the next life through fire and torments or purifying punishments."  Indulgences only have value in Catholicism due to the unbiblical teaching of purgatory which the Roman Catholic Church teaches is a place of punishment where people expiate their own sins there (CCC 1475). 
     Expiation is "a term associated with the removal, cleansing, or forgiveness of sin."  But how does a person expiate or cleanse himself of his own sins?  One does not.  If there were a means by which a person could cleanse oneself of sin, then Christ died on the cross in vain. 

     Nevertheless, out of the teaching of purgatory, and temporal punishment comes the teaching of indulgences -- a means by which punishment for sin is reduced through a person's own sufferings.  How horrible is this teaching since it reduces the power and glory of the cross and says we can expiate our own sins, instead of trusting in Christ alone for this.  The Roman Catholic Church needs to recant its false teaching and urge its people to look to Christ alone and not to its priesthood, its treasury of merit, its sacraments, or its rules and regulations for the salvation of souls. 
     Indulgences is not a biblical teaching. It is blatantly a false teaching.

Penance

It was also taught that by inflicting pain and torment on one's body one could reduce time in purgatory. Self inflicted suffering to atone for our sins is of no value, since Christ’s sufferings are enough to redeem us. ‘For Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, that He might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh but made alive by the Spirit’ (1 Peter 3.18). Self denial from sins of the flesh is of course taught in the Bible.

Mariolatry

The Roman Catholic church elevates Mary to the status of ‘mother of God’ (Catechism, Article 167) and ‘Queen of Heaven’ (Article 168a). Although the Catechism does not say she should be worshipped and seen as a mediator along with Jesus Christ, this is the result in practice of this teaching, as can be seen by the size of the images of the Madonna in many Catholic Churches. Article 117 says: ‘All mankind has contracted the guilt and stain of original sin, except The Blessed Virgin and her Divine Son.’

What is Mariology, then?  Essentially, it’s the theology that affords devotion to Mary.  Does this mean the Catholics worship Mary?  Well, yes and no.  Publicly, the Roman Catholic Church does not afford Mary the same status as Jesus.  However, their reverence for her goes beyond their admiration for even the saints.  The Catholic Encyclopedia details a view of Mary that it admits is not Biblical.  Their view of her life and her role originate in Catholic tradition – that is, the writings of the popes and theologians, rather than in the Bible. 

Biblically, Mary was betrothed to Joseph.  Because of her faith, she was chosen to give birth to the Messiah, Jesus Christ.  She was overshadowed by the Holy Spirit, and conceived Jesus.  There was no physical union, and therefore Jesus was born of a virgin.  While no doubt a faithful and godly woman, Mary was nonetheless just a woman.  In fact, apart from Acts 1:14, Mary is not mentioned anywhere outside the Gospels (the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John).  Even in the Gospels, her spiritual power and authority are almost non-existent.  Neither Jesus, nor Paul, nor any other biblical writer ever gave Mary the place or devotion that the Catholic Church has given her.  The New Testament epistles (letters) were written for the spiritual guidance of the Church, and have a great deal to say about doctrine and worship.  Her absence from the epistles must then call into doubt the role that Catholics ascribe to her. 

In Roman Catholicism, Mary (or as she’s also called: Our Blessed Lady, Our Blessed Virgin, etc.) is more than human.  Catholic Tradition includes the following teachings:

1 – Mary’s immaculate conception:  This doctrine teaches that she was born without original sin, and was therefore sinless throughout her life.

2 – During her tutelage in the temple as a child, Mary received almost nightly visits by angels. 

3 – Mary’s perpetual virginity:  This doctrine asserts that she had no children before Jesus (a Biblical teaching) or after Him (unbiblical).

4 – Mary’s physical ascension into heaven:  This teaches that because of her sinlessness, Mary never experienced a physical death – the result of sin.  Instead, she was raised bodily into the presence of Christ.

5 – Mary’s role as Co-redemptrix and Mediatrix of all graces:  This doctrine holds that the obedience and sufferings of Mary were essential to secure the full redemption bought by Christ.

6 – Mary’s right to veneration and/or worship:  This teaching holds that because of her unparalleled role in salvation, Mary is worthy of special adoration. 

There are three specific terms of worship in Catholicism:  latria – adoration that is due God alone, dulia – veneration afforded to the saints, and hyperdulia – special veneration given to Mary.  In practice, these become practically indistinguishable.  Catholics pray to Mary and expect that she hears and answers all such prayers.  This elevates her to a position of deity. 

I have already mentioned that the role that is ascribed to Mary by Catholics is unbiblical.  Let me give you more evidence.  Below, I have included an excerpt from the Catholic Encyclopedia, where the writer acknowledges that their interpretation of a passage in the book of Genesis must be more accurate than the original Hebrew text, as their interpretation ascribes more power to Mary: 

The first prophecy referring to Mary is found in the very opening chapters of the Book of Genesis (3:15): "I will put enmities between thee and the woman, and thy seed and her seed; she shall crush thy head, and thou shalt lie in wait for her heel." This Catholic rendering (with Catholic exegetical explanation below) appears to differ in at least one respect from the original Hebrew text.

…It concerns the agent who is to inflict the mortal wound on the servant: our version agrees with the present Vulgate text in reading “she” (ipsa) which refers to the woman, while the Hebrew text reads hu’ (autos, ipse) which refers to the seed of the woman. According to our version, and the Vulgate reading, the woman herself will win the victory; according to the Hebrew text, she will be victorious through her seed. In this sense does the Bull “Ineffabilis” ascribe the victory to Our Blessed Lady. The reading “she” (ipsa) is neither an intentional corruption of the original text, nor is it an accidental error; it is rather an explanatory version expressing explicitly the fact of Our Lady’s part in the victory over the serpent, which is contained implicitly in the Hebrew original. The strength of the Christian tradition as to Mary’s share in this victory may be inferred from the retention of “she” in St. Jerome’s version in spite of his acquaintance with the original text and with the reading “he” (ipse) in the old Latin version

For the record, the text of Genesis 3:15 mentioned above is found only in the Catholic version of the Bible.  Other versions agree with the original Hebrew text in that the seed of the woman (Jesus) will do the crushing, not the woman herself.  The Catholic Church has changed scripture to buttress their doctrines.  This tactic is the only way the Catholic Church can justify many of its teachings that are unbiblical. 

In his book, Revelation Unveiled, author Tim LaHaye writes:

"One of the dangerous trends during the twentieth century in the Church of Rome is the elevation of Mary to a status just short of deity.  News media reports indicate that millions have petitioned the Pope to declare her a member of the Trinity, though the official line is that it is not going to happen - yet.  Already she is referred to as 'the mother of God' or 'the queen of Heaven' and in some instances appears to be the dispenser of salvation, which contradicts many Scriptures...To even suggest that anyone, even Mary the human mother of Jesus, participates in dispensing the gift of eternal life is not only heresy, it is blasphemous."

As for the Catholic view of Mary as Mediatrix, I will refer you to:

1 Timothy 2:5, "For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus"

 

Among the aberrant Catholic sacraments and doctrines, one of the least understood is that of the Eucharist and transubstantiation, which I alluded to earlier in this paper.  While analogous to communion in many ways, it is also worlds apart, separated by an ocean of heresy.  The following will provide a basic analysis of the Catholic Eucharist, and reveal the ways in which it is unbiblical and a denial of the sufficiency of Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. 

The Catholic Church teaches that once a Catholic priest has consecrated the wafer of bread during communion, or “Eucharist” as it is called by Catholics, it turns into the literal and real body, soul, and divinity of Jesus Christ.  It is no longer a piece of bread.  It is Jesus Christ under the appearance of bread, and is therefore worthy of worship and adoration.  This process of consecration followed by a literal change from a mere wafer to the body of Christ is called transubstantiation.  The following paragraphs are taken from the Catholic Catechism.

Paragraph 1374, page 383

“In the most blessed sacrament of the Eucharist the body and blood, together with the soul and divinity, of our Lord Jesus Christ and, therefore, the whole Christ is truly, really, and substantially contained.”

 

Paragraph 1380, pages 385, 386

“The Church and the world have a great need for Eucharistic worship.  Jesus awaits us in this sacrament of love.  Let us not refuse the time to go to meet him in adoration, in contemplation full of faith, and open to making amends for the serious offenses and crimes of the world.  Let our adoration never cease.”

 

Paragraph 1418, pages 395

“Because Christ himself is present in the sacrament of the altar, he is to be honored with the worship of adoration.”

 

The Catholic Church similarly teaches that the wine or water taken with the wafer becomes the literal blood of Christ upon consecration by a priest.  They claim that Jesus taught transubstantiation at the last supper and that the disciples were anointed with the power to change bread into the actual presence of Christ.  This authority was then passed down through priestly ordination and apostolic succession. 

To the early church the practice of the Lord’s Supper was a time of fellowship and a meal memorializing Christ’s sacrifice.  The bread and wine were taken in a Thanksgiving celebration that came to be known as the Eucharist.  Eucharist comes from the Greek word, eucharistia, which means “thanksgiving”.  It was a celebration held in expectation of the Marriage Supper of the Lamb that awaits all believers before the Glorious Appearing (Rev. 19:9).  The transubstantiation doctrine of the Catholic Church was not taught or practiced until the middle ages, long after the emergence of Roman Catholicism in the 6th Century A.D.

Four Catholic Popes can be credited with the evolution of the Eucharist to include several of the traditions now held by Catholics.

1.  Sixtus III, bishop of Rome AD 432-440 was the first to establish an “altar” within basilicas where the elements of bread and wine were blessed.

 

2.  Felix IV, (AD 526-530) separated the altar as a holy place to be used exclusively for blessing the Eucharist elements. 

 

3.  Boniface II (AD 530-532) came up with altar coverings

 

4.  Gregory I (AD 590-604) in his early 7th century reforms added candles, tabernacles to hold the elements, and the vestments worn by priests.

 

The early church never practiced these traditions.  The Mass did not change from a celebration meal of thanksgiving to a ceremonial encounter with the literal body and blood of Jesus until the 12th century.  The doctrine of transubstantiation was decreed in AD 1215 at the fourth Lateran Council.

The Catholic Church places a great deal of authority on antiquity and appearing to be an exact replica of the early church.  Therefore, when history proves that most Catholic traditions are found nowhere in the early church, and are in fact the result of an evolution of doctrines as they were passed down through a succession of Popes, the church simply rewrites history.  This works because the laity are taught to never question the authority of the Church.  Investigating the historical record and the evidence for the Church’s claims to authority would be tantamount to questioning the Pope. 

While the Catholic Church relies heavily on a revised history to support their claims, they also use the Pope’s interpretation of scripture as a support.  I say “the Pope’s interpretation” because the laity is not allowed to interpret scripture for themselves and must look to the church for its meaning instead.  One of the verses the Catechism lists to support transubstantiation is Luke 22:19,20-- 

And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.”  In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.

 

Its proponents also commonly use chapter 6 in the book of John as a support for transubstantiation.

John 6:51-55 “I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. Then the Jews began to argue sharply among themselves, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?  Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.  Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink.”

 

When Christians participate in the Lord’s Supper we do it in remembrance of the sacrifice Christ made for us.  The bread represents the body of Christ, and the wine represents the blood sacrificed to cover our sins.  This verse and the verses in John do not teach that the bread is the literal flesh of Jesus, and the wine is the literal blood of Christ. 

The key to understanding scripture is to read it in context.  We know from context when to interpret scripture literally, and when the context demands a figurative or symbolic interpretation.  The Bible is replete with verses that use metaphors, symbols, and descriptive images to make a point or explain a teaching.  Some examples of metaphors that would not be taken literally are listed below.

Psalm 34:8 “Oh, taste and see that the Lord is good.”

 

John 4:14-- “Whoever drinks of the water that I shall give him will never thirst.  But the water that I shall give him will become in him a fountain of water springing up into everlasting life.”

 

This verse does not mean that believers will literally have a fountain of water springing up inside them.  It is a metaphorical way of telling us that those who accept the salvation Christ offers will have eternal life. 

John 2:19 “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.”

 

The Jews thought that Jesus was referring to the Jewish temple, but as you read further it becomes obvious he was referring to His body. 

Jesus makes several I Am statements in the book of John alone that are good examples of the symbolic nature of some scripture. 

1.  I am the bread of life (John 6:35)

2.  I am the light of the world (John 8:12)

3.  I am the door (John 10:9)

4.  I am the good shepherd (John 10:11)

5.  I am the vine.

 

All of these statements tell us something about the nature of Jesus, however Jesus is not a literal door that opens when we ask to receive Him.  He is no more a literal grape vine than he is a loaf of bread, and He does not become either.

These are but a few examples out of many.  Just as Jesus used parables to explain things that were hard for his listeners to understand, the Bible uses metaphors to help us understand and visualize what we read.  Jesus told us to expect this in John 16:25 which reads, “These things I have spoken to you in figurative language…” 

Let’s look at the context for the verses in chapter 6 of John that are often cited by Catholics.   Chapter 6 begins with the story of Jesus feeding the 5,000 with two small loaves of bread and two fish.  The next day the people Jesus had fed were looking for Him for the wrong reasons.  We know this from Jesus’ words in verses 26 and 27 which read, “You seek Me, not because you saw the signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled.  Do not labor for food which perishes, but for food which endures to everlasting life.” 

This frames the context for verses 51-56.  Jesus explains to the crowd that they should be seeking eternal life.  In verse 29 He explains that eternal life comes only through belief in Jesus.  He re-emphasizes this in verse 35 when he says, “I am the bread of life.  He who comes to Me shall never hunger, and he who believes in Me shall never thirst.”  Again in verse 40 he says, “And this is the will of Him who sent Me, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in Him may have everlasting life; and I will raise him up at the last day.”

At this point the Jews he had fed the previous day started grumbling.  They were angry that Jesus said he came down from heaven.  Jesus responds by once again telling them that only the person who believes that Jesus is the Son of God will be saved, and that He is indeed the “bread of life”.  He uses a metaphor when he says “your forefathers ate the manna in the desert, and yet they died, but here is the bread that comes down from heaven which a man may eat and not die.”  Remember He’s repeated several times that eternal life comes through belief.  Therefore, the bread must be a metaphor just as the manna is a metaphor used to describe their forefather’s faith

Jesus then tells them that "whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day".  He goes on, “For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink.  Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him.  Just as the living Father sent me and I live because of the Father, so the one who feeds on me will live because of me.  This is the bread that came down from heaven.  Your forefathers ate manna and died, but he who feeds on this bread will live forever.”

First Jesus compares himself to the manna that fell from heaven and sustained their forefathers as they wandered in the desert.  Though they were sustained for a time by this manna, they eventually died.  Jesus is saying that he is the bread that brings eternal life.  This contrast is used to strengthen his main message from verse 47, which says, “Most assuredly, I say to you, he who believes in Me has everlasting life.”

 When Jesus said these things he had no bread or wine present with him.  He was either speaking figuratively about believing in him for eternal life, or he was suggesting cannibalism.  If he were speaking literally here, he’d be directly contradicting Genesis 9:4, “You shall not eat flesh with its life, that is, its blood.”  If you keep reading, (something Catholics citing these verses choose not to do) it’s made clear that Jesus was indeed speaking figuratively.

In verse 60, in response to the teachings above, the disciples said just what many who would take this literally might be say – “This is a hard saying; who can understand it?”

Jesus responded in verses 61-64 this way, “Does this offend you?  What then if you should see the Son of Man ascend where He was before?  It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing.  The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life.”  This bears repeating.  The flesh profits nothing.  Jesus was speaking in spiritual terms.  He was not talking about his literal flesh.  Jesus used the exact same word for flesh (sarx) that he used in previous verses when he tells them the flesh profits nothing. 

Reading farther, Peter leaves no room for doubt concerning what Jesus meant.  Jesus asked him if he also wanted to go away.  Peter responded in verse 68, “Lord, to whom shall we go?  You have the words of eternal life.  Also we have come to believe and know that You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”  Peter did not say that they had come to know that they must eat Jesus’ flesh and drink his blood.  Jesus had just told them that the flesh profits nothing.  Instead Peter understood his main point – believing in Christ leads to eternal life.

The contrast in Jesus words here is plain.  Just as Jesus does several times in scripture, He contrasts the limited and temporary benefits of the flesh with the infinite and eternal benefits of the Spirit.

John, chapter 6 does not deal directly with the Last Supper, or with the doctrine of the Eucharist.  It has NOTHING to do with the Last Supper.  Jesus had neither bread nor wine present during these verses, and never even mentions wine.  Nowhere in these verses does Jesus give his disciples any instruction on how to practice communion.  John does not deal with the Last Supper until Chapter 13.  It does not teach in chapter 6 or anywhere in the Bible that the disciples must institute a priesthood, consecrate bread and turn it into His flesh, or worship his flesh under the appearance of bread.

In addition to their belief in transubstantiation, Catholicism teaches that during the Mass and the taking of the Eucharist, Jesus is being re-sacrificed for the atonement and forgiveness of our sins.  The Catholic Catechism puts it this way: 

Catholic Catechism, pg 351

“Holy Communion separates us from sin.  The body of Christ we receive in Holy Communion (the sacrifice) is ‘given up for us’, and the blood we drink ‘shed for the many for the forgiveness of sins’.  For this reason the Eucharist cannot unite us to Christ without at the same time cleansing us from past sins and preserving us from future sins.”

 

Paragraph 1414, page 395

“As sacrifice, the Eucharist is also offered in reparation of the sins of the living and the dead and to obtain spiritual or temporal benefits from God.”

 

Paragraph 1405, page 393

“Every time this mystery is celebrated, “the work of our redemption is carried on.”

 

Paragraph 1366, page 380

“The Eucharist is thus a sacrifice because it represents (makes present) the sacrifice of the Cross.”

 

First, it must be pointed out that Jesus is already inside of true believers, so there is no need to eat his flesh and drink his blood in order to have Him inside of us. 

1 Col 3:16 “Don't you know that you yourselves are God's temple and that God's Spirit lives in you?”

 

Romans 8:9 “You, however, are controlled not by the sinful nature but by the Spirit, if the Spirit of God lives in you. And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Christ.”

 

There is also no need for a frequent, repetitious sacrifice of Christ in Catholic churches around the world.  Jesus was sacrificed ONCE for ALL for the remission of ALL sin.  Teaching otherwise directly contradicts the Word of God.

Hebrews 7:27 “Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices day after day, first for his own sins, and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all when he offered himself.”

 

Hebrews 10:12, 14, 18   “But when this priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God.

 

because by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy.”

 

“And where these have been forgiven, there is no longer any sacrifice for sin

 

The Bible elucidates here that Christ’s sacrifice was for all people, for all time, and covers all sin.  There is only one sacrifice and it is sufficient for the forgiveness of our sins.  We no longer need to continue making sacrifices as was required under the Old Covenant.  The sacrifice of Christ was a one-time event.  Communion is a memorial to this event that is done in remembrance of the sacrifice Christ made and the promise of His return.  We are to celebrate the Lord’s Supper until He comes.  “For whenever you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes” (I Corinthians 11:26).  This verse does not tell us that every time a priest blesses the bread in the proper attire Jesus will come.  It says to eat the bread and drink the cup UNTIL He comes.

There is no mention anywhere in the Bible that the Eucharist contributes to the work of redemption, that sin is forgiven by the act, that Jesus is sacrificed during the Eucharist celebration, that bread and wine change when consecrated, and there is no mention of the Mass, ever.  The Bible does however have something to say about the act of participating in the Catholic Eucharist ceremony.

Acts 15:19, 20  “It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God.  Instead we should write to them, telling them to abstain from food polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from the meat of strangled animals and from blood.”

 

Would the Apostles have instructed their followers to abstain from blood if the Lord’s Supper included the drinking of Jesus’ literal blood?  You would think the Apostles would have made some kind of qualification or exception here.

The Catholic church also teaches that the Eucharist is an unbloody sacrifice in which the offering of the Host is the perpetuation of the sacrifice of Christ in an unbloody manner to make satisfaction for sins.4  Yet the Bible states that there is no forgiveness of sins without the shedding of blood:

Hebrews 9:22 “without the shedding of blood there is no remission of sins.”

The Bible also warns often about idolatry, or the worship of man made things.  This brings up the Catholic practice of displaying the consecrated host in a monstrance. 

A monstrance is a vessel used to display the host for adoration.  It is usually made of gold or precious metal.  Its principal part is a circular glass through which the consecrated Host can be viewed.  Surrounding this circular glass is a metal sunburst of golden “rays”.  A cross might surmount the vessel, which stands on a pedestal and is supported by a circular base.  A crescent-shaped device (lunette) or a double circle of gold or metal gilt by means of which the Host is held securely upright when exposed in the monstrance.

The Catholic Encyclopedia provides information on how the monstrance came about.  In the Middle Ages there was no uniform custom in regard to the place where the Blessed Sacrament was kept.  The Fourth Latern Council and many provincial and diocesan synods held in the Middle Ages require only that the Host be kept in a secure, well-fastened receptacle.  At the most they demand that it be put in a clean, conspicuous place.  Only a few synods designate the spot more closely, as the Synods of Cologne (1281) and of Munster (1279), which commanded that it was to be kept above the altar and protected by locking with a key. The Catholic Encyclopedia also tells us how devotion and veneration of the sacrament in a monstrance came about.

The idea of exposing the Blessed Sacrament for veneration in a monstrance appears to have been first evolved at the end of the thirteenth or the beginning of the fourteenth century.  When the elevation of the Host at Mass was introduced in the early years of the thirteenth century, probably as a form of protest against the theological views of Peter the Chanter, the idea by degrees took firm hold of the popular mind that special virtue and merit were attached to the act of looking at the Blessed Sacrament.  To such extremes did this prepossession go, that the seeing of the Host at the moment of the elevation was judged to be the most vital part of attendance at Mass.

Moreover, a custom grew up, especially in Germany, of keeping the Blessed Sacrament continually exposed to view in churches.  Tabernacles of great height and imposing appearance, were erected in the most conspicuous part of the church, and there the Blessed Sacrament was reserved in a monstrance.

Catholics believe that Jesus Christ is literally present inside the monstrance in the form of the host.  The Catholic Church calls for adoration of the host while it is Jesus.  A Catholic website gives the following description for Eucharist Adoration:

Catholics believe that during the Mass which we attend each week (for some of us daily), the priest (during the consecration) speaks these words as he holds the communion host, "...He took bread and gave you thanks. He broke the bread, gave it to his disciples, and said: Take this all of you, and eat it: this is my body which will be given up for you". When the priest says "this my body", it is at that instant when, through the miracle of transubstantiation, the bread and wine which we offer as the bloodless sacrifice to our Lord truly become the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Jesus. It is His true Presence in the form of bread and wine. It is Christ.

 

Perpetual Adoration is when the priest takes a consecrated host, such as the one described above, and places it in a monstrance.  The monstrance is then placed in front of the tabernacle or on the altar of the church or chapel for adoration.

 

What do you actually do during adoration? You may sign up to be an "adorer" which allows you to schedule yourself for one or more hours per week to pray before the very presence of Our Lord, exposed in the monstrance. It means that you can have some time alone with Jesus to recite your favorite prayers, read the bible, contemplate acts of faith, hope, charity, thanksgiving, reparation, pray a rosary or do whatever type of prayerful devotion that suits you before Our Lord. You can just sit and say nothing simply keeping Him company, just as you would with a dear friend.

 

Pope John Paul II explained Eucharist Adoration this way - “Our communal worship at Mass must go together with our personal worship of Jesus in Eucharistic adoration in order that our love may be complete." (Pope John Paul II, Redeemer of Man)

Catholics will usually deny that they worship the sacrament if they sense that you know what the Bible says about worshipping things made with human hands (idols).  However, the Catholic Catechism starts off paragraph 1378 on page 347 with “Worship of the Eucharist”.  Pope John Paul II also describes Eucharist worship in a speech delivered to the Forty-fifth International Eucharistic Congress, Seville, Spain, June 1993.  He said:

Beloved priests, religious men and religious women, most beloved brothers and sisters, it is for me a motive of special joy to prostrate myself with you before Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament in an act of humble adoration, of praise to the merciful God, of thanksgiving to the Giver of all that is good, of supplication to Him whom is always alive to intercede for us.

 

The only one we should ever be prostrating ourselves before is God.  Read the following:

Exodus 20:4-5 “You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them nor serve them.  For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God.”

 

I have attempted to supply sufficient evidence to show that Christ does not become present in a piece of bread when a priest blesses it.  If further proof is needed, several disciples in the book of Acts make the statement that God does not dwell in temples. 

Acts 7:48 “However, the Most High does not dwell in temples made with hands…”

 

Hebrews 9:24 “For Christ has not entered the holy places made with hands…but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us.”

 

Acts 17:22-25  “[Paul said], Men of Athens, I perceive that in all things you are very religious; for as I was passing through and considering the objects of your workship, I even found an altar with this inscription: TO THE UNKNOWN GOD.  Therefore, the One whom you worship without knowing, Him I proclaim to you: God, who made the world and everything in it, since He is Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands.  Nor is He worshipped with men’s